Christmas History :: essays research papers

Christmas History The word Christmas comes from the old English "Cristes maesse" meaning Christ's Mass. The Holiday celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. The actual birthday of Jesus is not known; therefore, the early Church Fathers in the 4th century fixed the day around the old Roman Saturnalia festival (17 - 21 December), a traditional pagan festivity. The first mention of the birthday of Jesus is from the year 354 AD. Gradually all Christian churches, except Armenians who celebrate Christmas on January 6 (the date of the baptism of Jesus as well as the day of the three Magi), accepted the date of December 25th. In American/English tradition, Christmas Day itself is the day for opening gifts brought by jolly old St. Nick. Many of our current American ideals about the way Christmas ought to be, derive from the English Victorian Christmas, such as that described in Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol." The caroling, the gifts, the feast, and the wishing of good cheer to all - these ingredients came together to create that special Christmas atmosphere. The custom of gift-giving on Christmas goes back to Roman festivals of Saturnalia and Kalends. The very first gifts were simple items such as twigs from a sacred grove as good luck emblems. Soon that escalated to food, small items of jewelry, candles, and statues of gods. To the early Church, gift- giving at this time was a pagan holdover and therefore severely frowned upon. However, people would not part with it, and some justification was found in the original gift giving of the Magi, and from figures such as St. Nicholas. By the middle ages gift giving was accepted. Before then it was more common to exchange gifts on New Year's Day or Twelfth Night. Santa Claus is known by British children as Father Christmas. Father Christmas, these days, is quite similar to the American Santa, but his direct ancestor is a certain pagan spirit who regularly appeared in medieval mummer's plays. The old-fashioned Father Christmas was depicted wearing long robes with sprigs of holly in his long white hair. Children write letters to Father Christmas detailing their requests, but instead of dropping them in the mailbox, the letters are tossed into the fireplace. The draft carries the letters up the chimney, and theoretically, Father Christmas reads the smoke. Gifts are opened Christmas afternoon. From the English we get a story to explain the custom of hanging stockings from the mantelpiece. Father Christmas once dropped some gold coins while coming down the chimney. The coins would have fallen through the ash grate and been

Managerial Accounting Essay

01)How does managerial accounting differ from financial accounting? A: Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers for use inside the organization. Financial accounting is con ¬cerned with providing information to stockhold ¬ers, creditors, and others outside of the organi ¬zation. 02)Pick any major television network and describe some planning and control activities that its managers would engage in. A: Five examples of planning activities include: 1.Estimating the advertising revenues for a future period. 2.Estimating the total expenses for a future period, including the salaries fo all actors, news reporters and sportscasters. 3.Planning how many new television shows to introduce to market. 4.Planning the network’s advertising activities and expenditures. 5.Planning each television show’s designated broadcast time. Five examples of controlling activities: 1.Comparing the actual number of viewers for each show to its viewership projections. 2.Comparing the actual costs of running a production studio to the budget 3.Comparing the revenues earned from broadcasting a sporting event to the costs incurred to broadcast the event. 4.Comparing the actual costs of producing a made for television movie to its budget. 5.Comparing the actual cost of providing global and local news coverage to the budget. 03)If you have to decide whether to continue making a component part or to begin buying the part from an overseas supplier, what quantitative and qualitative factors would influence your decision? A: the quantitative analysis would focus on determining the potential cost saving from buying the part rather than making it. The qualitative analysis would focus on broader issues such as strategy, risks, and corporate social responsibility. 04)Why do companies prepare budgets? A: companies use budgets to translate into formal quantitative terms. Budgets are used for various purposes, such as forcing managers to plan ahead, allocating resources across departments, coordinating activities across departments. These various purposes often conflict with one another, which makes budgeting one of management’s most challenging activities. 05)Why is managerial accounting relevant to business major and their future careers? A: Managerial accounting is relevant to all business students because all managers engage in planning, controlling, and decision making activities. If managers wish to influence co-wokers across the organization, the must be able to speak in financial terms to justify their proposed courses of action. 06)Why is managerial accounting relevant to accounting major at the futures careers? A: The institute of Managerial Accountants estimates that 80% of accountants work in non-public accounting environments. Accountants that work in corporate, non-profit, and governmental organizations are expected to use their planning, controlling and decision making skills to help improve performance. 07)Pick any large company and describe its strategy using the framework in the chapter. A: Amazon.com competes in terms of operational excellence. The company focuses on delivering products faster, more conveniently and at a lower price than competitors. Its using the planning, controlling and make decision making. 08)Why do management accountants need to understand the company’s strategy? A: Planning, controlling and decision making must be performed within the context of company’s strategy. 09)Pick any large company and describe three risks that it faces and how it responds to those risks. A: the company is NIKE, which has suppliers in over 40 countries. One risk that NIKE faces is that its suppliers will fail to manage their employees in a socially responsible manner. NIKE faces the risk that unsatisfactory environmental performance will diminish its brand image. The company is investing substantial resources to develop products  that minimize adverse impacts on the environment. NIKE faces the risk that customers will not like its new products. The company uses focus groups research to proactively assess the customers’ reaction to its new products. 10)Provide three examples of how a company’s risks can influence its planning, controlling and decision-making activities. A: Airlines face the risk that large spikes in fuel prices will lower their profitability. They may reduce this risk by spending money on hedging contracts that enable them to lock-in future fuel prices that will not change even if the market prices increases. 11)Pick any large company and explain a three ways that it could segment its companywide performance. A: Procter&Gamble could segment its performance by product category (Beauty and grooming, Household care, Health and well-being), product line ( crest and tide), and stock keeping units ( Crest cavity protection toothpaste, crest extra whitening toothpaste and crest sensitivity toothpaste). 12)Locate the website of any company that publishes a corporate social responsibility report (also referred to as a sustainability report). Describe three nonfinancial performance measure included in the report. Why do you think the company publishes this report? A: Timberland publishes quarterly corporate social responsibility metrics ( www.earthkeeper.com/CSR/csrdownloads.) there of those metrics include metric tons of carbon emissions the percentage of total cotton sourced that is organic and renewable energy use as a percent of total energy usage. He’s corporate slogan of â€Å"doing well by doing good† suggests that the company publishes CSR reports because that its financial success is positively influenced by its social and environmental performance. 13)Why do companies that implement lean production tend to have minimal inventories? A: companies that use learn production only make units in response to customer orders. They produce units just in time to satisfy customer demand, which results in minimal inventories. 14)Why are leadership skills important to manager? A: organizations are managed by people that have their own personal interests, insecurities, belief, and data supported conclusions that ensure unanimous support for give course of action is the exception rather than the rule. Managers must possess strong leadership skills if the wish to channel their co-wokers’ efforts towards achieving organizational goals. 15)Why ethics important to business? A: Ethical behavior is the lubricant that keeps the economy running.

Should Alcohol Drinking Age Be Decreased of Increased Essays

Should alcohol drinking age be decreased of increased? In my opinion it should be decreased because if we are classified as an adult and we are allowed to get married and etc. Why are we not allowed to drink. Lowering the drinking age would teach kids how to be more responsible at a younger age. If kids are just cut off from things, they are just going to find a way around it anyway. Kids just need to learn to do things in moderation. Because unfortunate, adults arent responsible with alcohol either. Maybe if they were not taught that drinking was a rebel thing at a young age we wouldnt have so many alcoholics or so many kids over doing it at parties. People use alcohol for numerous reasons; peer pressure, celebration,†¦show more content†¦I mean any way you put it, they are getting it. We have all heard of the famous saying â€Å"we want you to join the military and protect your country.† Well, you are telling me that I can legally kill someone at the age of eighteen, while I sign up with the military and go to w ar but I can’t have a sip of alcohol. Due to this none senseless situation, age should be equaled. In other words, if voting and military sign up is eighteen, then drinking should also be eighteen. Besides at the age of eighteen you are legally an adult. Why can’t we drink then? Drinking age in Australia is eighteen, and in UK is as low as sixteen in restaurants. Studies have showed that those teens/adults are perfectly fine. In fact, Dr. Ruth Engs; professor of Applied Health Sciences at Indiana University in Bloomington, uses this examples to propose the following: â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the drinking age be lowered to about 18 or 19 and permit those of legal age to consume in socially controlled environment such as restaurants and official school and university functions† (direct quote from Dr. Engs). Drinking age should be lowered, and I know that by lowering it we can drop the percentage of reckless teen alcohol abusers. It is worth trying it , and if everythi ng goes the opposite then change the law once more which is done lots of times, for dumb reasons and raise the drinking age back to twenty-one. Changes are always good most of the times, and I know this one in particular is an excellentShow MoreRelatedThe Generations Of People Who Were Born After 1984 Have1284 Words   |  6 Pagesafter 1984 have only known the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) to be 21 years old. But, it was not so long ago when the minimum legal drinking age was 18. In 1984 Congress passed the MLDA Act as a result of the rise in drunk driving accidents involving teens and alcohol related deaths. This Act ultimately made the states raise their MLDA to 21 from 18 for fear of losing federal highway funds. There have been many debates about it and whether or not it should be lowered again. Many organizations, likeRead MoreEconomics Intervention and Externalities Essay example939 Words   |  4 Pagesstart of January, Netherlands has increased the legal drinking age in the country from 16 years to 18 years (Xuereb). The government simply tried to internalize the externalities caused due to drinking, by inflicting a new law that would change the legal drinking age. The government believed that this would be beneficial to the society. The reasons that led to this change were the increased rates of alcohol consumption amongst teenagers and the harmful effects of alcohol which have become a major concernRead More Alcohol and Drinking - Challenging the Legal Drinking Age Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesChallenging the Legal Drinking Age         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Do the current laws involving the age at which adults can start drinking really make sense? There are many reasons why the government changed the legal drinking age to 21, but has this actually caused a decrease in the amount of alcohol consumed by persons between 18 and 21? Alcohol related crime and traffic accidents have gone down in recent years, but the source of this drop may not simply have to do with raising the drinking age, as the governmentRead MoreShould There Be Legal Age For Drinking Alcohol? Essay750 Words   |  3 PagesShould there be legal age for drinking alcohol? there is always a question that why alcohol is not banned .alcohol have destroyed many lives and it is still destroying .youngsters find it cool to drink alcohol so they get easily get attracted to it .when a person drinks alcohol he loses his control on himself .if a person is alcoholic the chances a person can commit crime increases. Alcohol should be ban because it is destro ying our youngsters, health and psychological. Alcohol is the worst a personRead MoreThe National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 Is Not Working738 Words   |  3 PagesIt’s not working. The NMDA, National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, which states that people under the age of 21 can’t consume or purchase alcohol, has only served to heighten the problem that is currently being faced. The only realistic way to make real progress while reversing the negative effect the NMDA act has had and is having is to abolish the NMDA act and introduce a new act that establishes different phases to introduce alcohol to minors. In essence, the purpose of the NMDA act was toRead MoreThe Minimum Legal Drinking Age Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesAppropriate Minimum Legal Drinking Age What is the right age to drink alcohol? Alcohol’s reputation varies from one culture to another. For some cultures, like the United States, they perceive it as a â€Å"forbidden fruit† while many European countries view it more leniently as another essential complement to their daily diet. In reality, alcohol is essentially a drug, that manipulates people’s minds to make them anxious, dizzy and aggravated. The law understands that drinking alcohol has some side effectsRead MoreSocial Issues Related to Smoking and Alcohol Consumption Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol consumption is linked to many harmful consequences for the individual drinker, the drinker’s immediate environment and society as a whole. There are many social consequences such as traffic accidents, workplace-related problems, family and domestic problems, and interpersonal violence. Work People with alcohol dependence and drinking problems are on sick leave more frequently than other employees. In Great Britain, up to 25% of workplace accidents and around 60% of fatal accidents atRead MoreUnderage Drinking Is Part Of The Culture Of College1734 Words   |  7 PagesBy the time high school students are seniors around 70 percent of students have had alcohol and the number will increase more as they begin college (IUPUI). With being in college one thing that I did discover is that underage drinking is part of the culture in college, also the friends that I had in high school who are 21 now I have discovered they drink some of the least amount now. Which has begun to make me wonder why people who are 21 drink less than people who are underage. I believe thatRead MoreRelationship Between Alcohol And Parenting Styles And Alcohol Abuse Among College Students1707 Words   |  7 Pages Review of Literature The study conducted by Changalwa, C, Ndurumo, M, Barasa, P, Poipoi, 4 (2012) is on the relationship between parenting styles and alcohol abuse among college Students in Kenya. The purpose of this study was to see the relationship between alcohol abuse and parenting style. The study was based on Erik Erikson psychosocial theory (1950). The sample consisted of 32 respondents out of 1000 students who were sampled using purposive sampling wasRead MoreWhy The Drinking Age Should Be Lowered908 Words   |  4 PagesWhy the Drinking Age should be lowered to 18? At the age of 18, American Citizens gain the immense responsibility of becoming an adult. When you turn 18 you gain a sense of adulthood and many things that were illegal for you before are now legal. Object lessons are the right to sign a contract, vote in elections, attend on a jury, make a will, get married without parental permission and the list goes on. For what reason is it that you aren t old enough to purchase and consume alcohol. The passage

Evils of Monarchy and Society in the Works of Mark Twain...

The Evils of Monarchy and Society in the Works of Mark Twain In the latter part of his life, Mark Twain developed a deep-rooted hatred for society. His aphorisms often reflect this contempt: Every one is a moon and has a dark side which he shows to no one (Salwen n.pag.). This disdain for humanity eventually seated itself in complete disapproval for what he called the damned human race. Twains criticism for society appeared in many of his works, growing stronger and stronger as time passed. Hand in hand with his distaste for society went his hatred for the upper class. In each of his works, Twain creates a theme of appearance versus reality and ultimately brings out his harsh criticism of monarchies. Through such†¦show more content†¦In some cases, he proves that he is in fact superior. It is through the escapades of the prince that Twain brings out his real criticism of monarchies. As Edward travels through his country, he sees the terror that his laws bring to the common people. As Kenneth S. Lynn says, the little princes adventures are an education in human viciousness and depravity (217). The prince observes the harshness of English laws when he is in Hugos dungeons with Sir Hendon. There he meets two women who are in the dungeons simply because they are Baptists. At first, the prince is unaware of the laws in his kingdom; he thinks that the women will be set free soon since they will not keep ye long for such a little thing (165). The next day, he is taken outside and he saw a spectacle that froze the marrow in his bones. Fagots had been piled about the two women, and a kneeling man was lighting them! (167). The prince is horrorstruck at this sight, saying, That which I have seen in that one little moment will never go out from my memory, but will abide there...Would God I had been blind! (168). Even the false king, Tom, witnesses such events. In one passage, he rules on cases that people bring before him. One man, after being sentenced, begs that he be executed by hanging. Tom, surprised by this request, asks how the man was to die, and is shocked to learn that he was to be boiled alive: Oh, prithee, noShow MoreRelatedMark Twain And Slavery Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesMark Twain and Slavery Mark Twain, a famous American writer wrote many books highly acclaimed throughout the world. For his masterpiece, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the literary establishment recognized him as one of the greatest writers America would ever produce. This novel is about a teenage boy by the name of Huck Finn. He is living with Miss Watson and Widow Douglas who have adopted him. He decides that civil life is not for him and that he is going to run away. At the beginning ofRead More The Final Episode of Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn3016 Words   |  13 PagesNonesuch (405); referring, of course, to the silly play put on by the Duke and Dauphin in chapter 23.   From one point of view, this whole evasion sequence seems funny and humorous in the traditions of frontier and southwestern humor.   Twain had a reputation as a humorist, and some of his readers got a big laugh out of this section.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many, however, are put off by it; think it seems out of place in this novel which deals with so many serious, adult subjects; whosRead MorePre-Columbian Period9302 Words   |  38 Pagestechnologically advanced as the Mesoamerican civilizations further south, there were extensive pre-Columbian sedentary societies in what is now the US. The Iroquois had a politically advanced and unique social structure that was at the very least inspirational if not directly influential to the later development of the democratic United States government, a departure from the strong monarchies from which the Europeans came.[citation needed] [edit] North Americas Moundbuilder Culture A MississippianRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesMainstream GOOD: Sheer physical authenticity - reliability †¢ Cost of publishing book acts as a barrier to entry against casual writers †¢ Hardly any oversight over the quality of material that gets published via new media channels †¢ Any work, regardless of its value, can easily get broadcasted to a global audience †¢ Publishers want to ensure that their books sell *quality check* †¢ Any hack can put up his dribbling on Fictionpress.net †¢ Any angst-filled teenager can put up his

Essay The State of the Pre-Reformation Church - 582 Words

The State of the Pre-Reformation Church There are various ideas about the state of the church before the Reformation. Some individuals say that the church was still considered to be a pillar of hope and comfort for the English people to look up to and gain reassurance from in the 1500s. Others however say that the church was in a horrific state, promoting wrong doing and malevolence. The question to be further considered is whether the church during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries fulfilled its functions while keeping the good English people satisfied. It has been argued that the pre-reformation church was a corrupt and failing institution and therefore Henry had to†¦show more content†¦A Bishop was also obliged to attend Parliament, as he owed the service of counsel to the king, but not many attended regularly. Another grievance towards the Bishops was sexual irregularity with many Bishops seemingly ignoring their vow of chastity by having mistresses and illegitimate children. Neglect of the care of souls and simony were also attributed to the Bishops. The lower clergy and parish priests on the other hand were viewed as both rapacious and ignorant. They were very important for the vast majority of the English people, living in isolated rural communities as they were the only effective representatives of the universal church. Therefore, if they were ineffective many peasants would suffer. According to figures quoted by G R Elton this could be true. Educational standards were very low, so it was fairly easy for somebody to become a parish priest. A sixteenth century survey of the diocese of Gloucester showed that out of 311 clergy 168 could not recite the Ten Commandments, and 33 could not locate them in the Bible. 10 could recite the Lords Prayer, and 39 did not know where to find it in the Bible. Between 1500-50, 869 East Anglican clergy died and left wills and these reveal that only 158 possessed any books at all, and only 17 left Bibles. This would undoubtedly be aShow MoreRelated Henry VIIIs Reformation Essay1025 Words   |à ‚  5 Pages Henry VIIIs Reformation In 1529 Henry VIII started to reform the Catholic Church in England, however there are different opinions as to why he began these controversial changes. The orthodox view concurs that there was a vast anti-clerical feeling in 16th century England; the corrupt church was unpopular with the masses. However the revisionist view claims that the reformation was actually due to politics. Henry needed a male heir and therefore needed a divorce.Read MoreThe Enormous Growth During the Renaissance1420 Words   |  6 Pagesinventive ideas that influence during the European history. The Renaissance occurred between the 14th and 17th century when there was revival in both learning and culture in Europe. It began in Florence, Italy and traveled throughout other city-states in Italy. It mainly occurred in Italy due to the history of Rome and Roman Empire. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that swept through Europe because of a diversion in significant understanding. Italy was so wealthy that people were willingRead MoreMartin Luther, An Augustinian Monk761 Words   |  4 Pagesthe monumental figure in the Reformation movement that brought the religious Holy Roman Catholic Empire down and changed the course of the western world history and culture. Unable to keep his silence on the unscriptural and corrupt practices of the Catholic Church any longer, especially on the issue of the sale of indulgences, he defiantly nailed his hand written Ninety-five Theses on the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany. In retaliation, the Catholic Church excommunicated and later condemnedRead MoreThe Renaissance And A Literal Translation Means Rebirth Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagessocial commentaries, allowed for religious figures such as Martin Luther to lead the Protestant reformation, encountering distaste in the current state of the Catholic community he decided to create a new, less corrupt religion. The skeptic aspect of humanism allowed for discussion on analysis of critical tenets of Christianity such as free will, ultimately leading to Luther’s reformation of the Catholic Church. The first substantial movement in the Renaissance was the humanist movement led by FrancescoRead MoreEssay about Baroque Period (1600-1750) General Background890 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture would be shaped by the far reaching consequences of war. These conflicts pitted mainly the northern countries (Belgium, Germany, England, Sweden) against the Catholic kingdoms of the south (France, Spain, Austria), and further accentuated the pre-existing cultural differences between Northern and Southern Europe. However, tremendous scientific, philosophical, and artistic accomplishments that constitute the practical foundation of modern civilization flourished side by side with continual warfareRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1487 Words   |  6 Pagesfleas bit them. Bubonic plague was one of the most feared diseases pf the ancient and medieval worlds. 2.City-states led to The renaissance in Italy: Renaissance society first took shape within the merchant cities of late medieval Italy. Italy had a cultural advantage over the rest of Europe because its geography made it the natural gateway between east and west. The city-states had wealth from commerce and that that were present in the Middle Ages. 3.Charles vIII’s march through ItalyRead MoreThe Reformation And Its Impact On The Early Modern Period1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe reformation was a drastic event in the early modern period that launched Europe into a massive conflict of widespread violence, through both political and religious factors. The political scene had remained very much the same before the beginning of the reformation in 1517, with many philosophers sharing similar ideas on how to handle the issues of sovereignty and private property. Religion was a long debated factor before the reformation however was brought inadvertently to the forefront ofRead MoreThe Development Of Exploration And The Industrial Revolution1168 Words   |  5 PagesMany historians refer to the time between ‘Exploration† and â€Å"The Industrial Revolution† as era of â€Å"Early Modern History†. In between ‘Exploration† and â€Å"The Industrial Revolution† were markers known as â₠¬Å"Reformation† and â€Å"Enlightenment†. This was a time where nations became established and grew increasingly curious of the world around them. Several technological and intellectual advances occurred during this era. Early modern history began with the â€Å"Exploration† period and ended with the â€Å"IndustrialRead MoreFreedom of Religion: THe Maryland Toleration Act Essay886 Words   |  4 Pagespracticing their religion was passed. The animosity between Protestants and Catholics in the United States of America, also called ‘American Anti-Catholicism’, resulted from the English Reformation. British colonists were determined to establish a truly reformed church in the early American colonies. Puritans ‘[left] England for the New World in order to worship in their own way.’ These children of the Reformation soon discovered not a ‘new’ land but an old problem, of factions within the faction. ManyRead MoreA Secularization - The Effects Of The Early Reformation1083 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A Secularization – The Effects of the Early Reformation† In Philip Benedict’s article in response to Brad Gregory’s novel, The Unintended Reformation: How a Religious Revolution Secularized Society; Benedict addresses the long-term effects that the early Reformation had on the modern world. The articles objective is to explain how things came to be as they are institutionally and ideology in the contemporary Western world and to provide an explanation of how the past became the present. According

Brand Switching in the Telecommunications Industry-Free-Samples for St

Question: Brand switching (or Churn) is a major problem in the telecommunications industry. You are required to review the current literature on Brand Switching and write a literature review which could be suitable for publication in an academic marketing journal. Answer: According to Islam et al. (2016) every member of the Australian population has more than one subscription of mobile phone. As a result of that, there are a number of issues pertaining to the mobile phone service providers which has posed to be a challenge in the retention of customers. Although there are a number of switching models for analyzing the behavior of the customers but those are not helpful due to the difference in the market structure. This article has discussed about the data mining techniques for identifying the switching patterns without any kind of models or domain knowledge. Various interesting patterns were talked about in this paper from the perspective of marketing and brand switching. Yeboah, Junior and Adonteng-Sakyi (2017) on the other hand, have mentioned that the increase in the number of telecom service providers has given rise to mobile number portability leading to increased competition for the existing service providers. This particular study has analyzed the effect of brand on the purchasing pattern in the mobile and telecommunication industry. It was found out in this study that the customers do not see much difference among the service providers apart from the service provided and the price they are paying for it. It has also observed that the customers do not think twice before switching from one provider if they feel that the other providers are giving better service quality. Thus, it becomes the responsibility of the brand to make their service quality a motivating factor for the retention of the customers. References Islam, M.Z., DAlessandro, S., Furner, M., Johnson, L., Gray, D. and Carter, L., 2016. Brand Switching Pattern Discovery by Data Mining Techniques for the Telecommunication Industry in Australia.Australasian Journal of Information Systems,20. Yeboah, S.K., Junior, E.T. and Adonteng-Sakyi, J., 2017. Effect of Brand on Consumer Purchase Decision in the Mobile Telecommunications Industry.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,3(8).

Caribbean Journal free essay sample

Caribbean Journal He stands outside the fencing looking in. Inside, sunbathers relishing their flesh some white, some black, and some of other skins diving and swimming, feign not to notice him, fingers of doubt spread wide, gripping holes of mesh. Some people on the grass are picnicking. His pants are torn; he does not have a shirt; his face, a mask of sun-flaked grease and dirt, too young to understand his day’s events, dreams mountain-slide of magic dollars and cents to cancel knowledge of the stomach’s pain; eyes learning what will later reach his brain. In time they’ll be afraid to hear his curse at god’s unholy Sunday-school arrangement, put him inside wire-mesh or worse, and sunbathe in the same sun on his hearse or perish if his bullet gets them first. [Cecil Gray] 1. In a single word or short phrase, state what you consider to be the most dominant subject or idea that the poem communicates. We will write a custom essay sample on Caribbean Journal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (1 mark) Classism, rich versus the poor. 2. In a single sentence, state the theme or statement that the poem makes (implies) about the subject you selected. (2 marks) Classism places the poor at a disadvantage as their future is often dictated based on stereotypical views. 3. Identify and list three effective techniques or devices that help to convey this statement. For each device you identified, write a brief statement (one sentence) explaining its effectiveness (what it contributes to the poem, its function). (6 marks) The speaker made use of metaphors, visual imageries and rhyme to convey the subject of classism. The metaphor such as ‘his face, a mask of sun-flaked grease and dirt’ was strictly implied by the speaker to describe how the young poor boy looked, in a demeaning way- he was not even compared to, his features were directly grease and dirt, hence the stereotyping, classism. The visual imageries such as, â€Å"Inside, sunbathers relishing their flesh†, provided a vivid description of the social classes and also explained profoundly the future the speaker predicts for the young, poor boy. The rhyme allowed for better understanding of the poem, as it allows for the poem to be read a certain way emphasizing on certain words and providing a natural flow to the poem. 4. Taking into consideration your responses thus far, formulate a working thesis you could use to guide your analysis of this poem. (5 marks) The speaker presents two conflicting social classes, the rich versus the poor. With the use of rhyme, metaphors and visual imageries, the speaker effectively portrayed how the poorer class youths are negatively stereotyped. 5. Using between 80 and 100 words, present the introductory paragraph (which of course must include your thesis) of the critical analysis essay you would write. (6 marks) Classism has been an ongoing social problem in the Caribbean. Too often the poorer people are being oppressed, marginalised and stereotyped, due to their limited and inadequate resources. As a result of this, society has formulated negative images and conceptualizes ideas about the poor that has become fixed and widely accepted. â€Å"Caribbean Journal† by Cecil Gray, is one such literary presentation that justifies the fact that the poor is negatively stereotyped in society. The poem portrays the rich, enjoying life at its best, picnicking and having fun, and poor, young, dirty and hungry boy observing them, daydreaming about the life and world of the rich. The speaker then predicts that the boy will become frustrated, hence he will become a blasphemer, a criminal, go to prison, or even worst-die, a future determined by the stereotypes of society. The speaker presents two conflicting social classes, the rich versus the poor. With the use of rhyme, metaphors and visual imageries, the speaker effectively portrayed how the poorer class youths are negatively stereotyped.